Which of the following refers to factors like income and age in a population study?

Demographics refers to statistical characteristics of a population, including factors like income, age, gender, and other variables that can influence consumer behavior. In a business context, understanding demographics is crucial for identifying target markets, tailoring products and services, and creating effective marketing strategies. By analyzing demographic data, businesses can gain insights into the preferences and needs of different segments of the population, enabling them to make informed decisions that align with market demands.

The other options do not specifically address the categorization of statistical characteristics in populations. Ethics relates to moral principles guiding business conduct, employment conditions concern job-related factors for workers, and market analysis involves assessing the market environment and competition, which may include demographic considerations but is broader in scope. Thus, demographics is the most accurate term in this context.