Which factor is considered a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory?

In Herzberg's theory, hygiene factors are elements that influence the job environment and can lead to dissatisfaction if they are inadequate, but do not necessarily contribute to higher levels of motivation or satisfaction when improved. Work conditions fit this definition perfectly as they include aspects such as the physical workspace, safety, and equipment, which are essential for employees to perform their tasks comfortably and healthily.

When these conditions are poor, employees may feel frustrated and disengaged. However, simply improving work conditions doesn't directly increase motivation or job satisfaction; instead, it prevents dissatisfaction from occurring. Other factors such as job satisfaction, achievement recognition, and personal growth opportunities are considered motivators, which contribute positively to an employee's sense of fulfillment and drive.