What type of managers are described in McGregor's Theory X?

In McGregor's Theory X, the focus is on a particular perspective of human motivation and management style. Managers who align with Theory X tend to have a pessimistic view of employees. They believe that workers are inherently lazy, lack ambition, and need to be closely supervised. Consequently, these managers adopt a strict and controlling approach to manage their teams.

This management style often includes rigorous oversight, enforcement of rules, and a top-down hierarchy that limits employee autonomy. By viewing employees through this lens, Theory X managers prioritize compliance and control to ensure that tasks are completed, reflecting their belief that workers require direction and motivation derived from external incentives, rather than from their intrinsic drive.

Other choices represent more positive and empowering management styles, which contrast sharply with the controlling nature of Theory X. Understanding this framework provides insight into different managerial attitudes and their potential impacts on workplace culture and employee performance.