What term refers to unequal treatment of individuals based on personal characteristics such as race or gender?

The term that refers to unequal treatment of individuals based on personal characteristics such as race or gender is discrimination. Discrimination occurs when individuals or groups are treated unfavorably or unjustly because of attributes that are inherent to them, such as their race, gender, age, or disability. This unfair treatment can manifest in various settings, including workplaces, schools, and public services.

Understanding discrimination is essential in the context of business and society as it has significant implications for social justice, workplace dynamics, and overall economic productivity. By recognizing discriminatory practices, organizations can take steps to promote equality and inclusivity, thereby enhancing their reputation and fostering a more diverse workplace.

Other choices relate to concepts of fairness or biases in a broader sense. Fair dealing refers to principles of fairness in transactions, equity involves the fair distribution of resources or opportunities, and prejudice typically denotes preconceived opinions or attitudes toward individuals based on their characteristics, but does not specifically encompass the act of inequality or unfair treatment in various contexts as discrimination does.