Vroom's Expectancy Theory explains that people assess what before committing to an action?

Vroom's Expectancy Theory posits that individuals evaluate the expected outcomes of their efforts before deciding to commit to a particular action. This decision-making process revolves around the potential reward they anticipate from their actions. In other words, individuals consider how likely it is that their efforts will lead to desirable outcomes, which can be understood as the potential rewards they expect, such as achieving a goal, receiving recognition, or earning a promotion.

When people perceive a high probability of receiving substantial rewards from their efforts, they are more likely to invest their time and resources into that action. Conversely, if the potential rewards are seen as minimal or unattainable, individuals may be less motivated to exert effort.

In the context of the incorrect options, while the cost of effort, risk involved, and time required are factors that can influence decision-making, they do not directly align with Vroom’s central focus on the evaluation of potential rewards as a primary motivator for actions. Instead, Vroom emphasizes that the anticipation of positive outcomes (the potential reward) is a key driver in whether individuals choose to engage in a particular behavior.