In management theory, which approach is characterized by strict and authoritarian managers?

The focus of McGregor's Theory X is on a management style that is authoritarian and controlling. This approach assumes that employees inherently dislike work, have little ambition, and require strict supervision to be productive. As a result, managers who adhere to Theory X typically employ a top-down style of management, implementing rules and oversight to ensure compliance and productivity.

This theory emphasizes the belief that because workers are often unwilling to take responsibility, they must be closely monitored and directed to perform their jobs effectively. This perspective can lead to a more rigid workplace culture, heavily relying on direct control and negative reinforcement.

In contrast, Theory Y offers a more optimistic view of employees as self-motivated and capable, while Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Motivator Factors are focused on understanding human motivation but do not specifically address the authoritarian management style. Therefore, McGregor's Theory X stands out as the approach that encapsulates the characteristics of strict and authoritarian management.